Publication Ethics

Our Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement are based on COPE's Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors. As such, this journal follows the COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors and the Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers. This commitment ensures that all published work meets the highest ethical standards, promoting integrity and transparency in the academic publishing process. We encourage authors, reviewers, and editors to adhere to these guidelines to foster a respectful and fair scholarly environment.

Duties of Editors

a. Fair play
Editors evaluate submitted manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit {importance, originality, studys validity, clarity} and its relevance to the journals scope, without regard to the authors race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, citizenship, religious belief, political philosophy or institutional affiliation. Decisions to edit and publish are not determined by the policies of governments or any other agencies outside of the journal itself. The Editor-in-Chief has full authority over the entire editorial content of the journal and the timing of publication of that content.

b. Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

c. Disclosure and conflicts of interest
Editors and editorial board members will not use unpublished information disclosed in a submitted manuscript for their own research purposes without the authors explicit written consent. Privileged information or ideas obtained by editors as a result of handling the manuscript will be kept confidential and not used for their personal advantage. Editors will recuse themselves from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships/connections with any of the authors, companies or institutions connected to the papers; instead, they will ask another member of the editorial board to handle the manuscript.

d. Publication decisions
The editors ensure that all submitted manuscripts being considered for publication undergo peer-review by at least two reviewers who are expert in the field. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for deciding which of the manuscripts submitted to the journal will be published, based on the validation of the work in question, its importance to researchers and readers, the reviewers comments, and such legal requirements as are currently in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The Editor-in-Chief may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

e. Involvement and cooperation in investigations
An editor should take reasonably responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper, in conjunction with the publisher (or society). Such measures will generally include contacting the author of the manuscript or paper and giving due consideration of the respective complaint or claims made, but may also include further communications to the relevant institutions and research bodies, and if the complaint is upheld, the publication of a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other note, as may be relevant even if it is discovered years after publication.

Duties of Reviewers

a. Contribution to editorial judgments
Peer review helps the editor when making editorial choices, and it may also help the author when improving the article via editorial contacts with the author.

b. Promptness
Referees are required to inform the editor and resign from the review process if they feel unqualified to assess the research detailed in a submission or are aware that it will be unable to complete the review in a timely manner.

c. Confidentially
Submissions of manuscripts for review must be handled as confidential materials. They cannot be seen by or discussed with anybody else unless the editor has given permission.

d. Objectiveness Standards
Reviews need to be performed impartially. Personal criticism of the author is not acceptable. Referees must clearly and persuasively state their viewpoints.

e. Sources Acknowledgments
Reviewers are entrusted with finding pertinent published publications that the authors have not acknowledged. Any claim that a certain observation, deduction, or argument has already been published should be supported by a reference. Any significant overlap or resemblance between the manuscript under consideration and any other published material of which the reviewer is aware should be brought to the editor's notice.

f. Transparency and Potential Conflicts of Interest
Peer-reviewed ideas or information must be kept private and not exploited for one's own benefit. Reviewers shouldn't take into account submissions when they have links or affiliations with any of the authors, businesses or organizations linked to the papers that are competitive, cooperative, or in any other way.

Duties of Authors

a. Reporting standards
Reports on original research must be written by authors who can accurately describe the work done and objectively assess its relevance. Underlying data should be appropriately portrayed in the study. A paper should include enough details and citations for others to be able to recreate the work. False or purposefully incorrect remarks are prohibited because they represent unethical behavior.

b. Data access and retention
The raw data related to an article must be provided by the authors for editorial review, and if possible, they must be willing to make the data accessible to the public and to keep them on file for a reasonable amount of time following publication. The repeatability of the data is the responsibility of the authors.

c. Plagiarism and Originality
The writers must make sure that their works are wholly unique, and if they have borrowed ideas or words from others, they must properly credit or quote them.

d. Concurrent, Multiple, or Redundant Publication
Generally speaking, an author shouldn't submit to several journals or main publications submissions that effectively describe the same study. It is unethical and inappropriate publishing activity to concurrently submit the same paper to many publications.

e. Transparency and conflict of interest
Any financial or other significant conflicts of interest that may be interpreted as having an influence on the findings or interpretation of a paper should be disclosed by all authors in their publication. It is necessary to disclose all funding sources for the project.

f. Acknowledgment of sources
Authors should ensure that they have properly acknowledged the work of others, and should also cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Information obtained privately (from conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties) must not be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source. Authors should not use information obtained in the course of providing confidential services, such as refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, unless they have obtained the explicit written permission of the author (s) of the work involved in these services.

g. Authorship of the manuscript
Only persons who meet these authorship criteria should be listed as authors in the manuscript as they must be able to take public responsibility for the content: {i} made significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, data acquisition, or analysis/interpretation of the study; and {ii} drafted the manuscript or revised it critically for important intellectual content; and {iii} have seen and approved the final version of the paper and agreed to its submission for publication. All persons who made substantial contributions to the work reported in the manuscript, such as technical help, writing and editing assistance, and general support, but who do not meet the criteria for authorship, must not be listed as an author, but should be acknowledged in the "Acknowledgments" section after their written permission to be named has been obtained. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate coauthors (according to the above definition) and no inappropriate coauthors are included in the author list and verify that all coauthors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to its submission for publication.

h. Hazards and human or animal subjects
If the work involves chemicals, procedures, or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the authors must clearly identify these in the manuscript. If the work involves the use of animals or human participants, the authors should ensure that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the appropriate institutional committee (s have approved them; the manuscript should contain a statement to this effect. Authors should also include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human participants. The privacy rights of human participants must always be observed

i. Ethical Review
To adhere to the ethical standards for research involving human and animal subjects, the author must explicitly identify any drugs, people, animals, techniques, or equipment that pose exceptional risks when used in the paper. Authors must, upon request, provide proof of legal and ethical clearance from a reputable organization.
The authors must explain whether the study will securely protect any sensitive data or information, including whether it includes commercial or marketing strategies.

j. Fundamental errors in published works
When authors discover significant errors or inaccuracies in their own published work, it is their obligation to promptly notify the journal's editors or publisher and cooperate with them to either correct the paper in the form of an erratum or to retract the paper. If the editors or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error or inaccuracy, then it is the author's obligation to promptly correct or retract the paper or provide evidence to the journal editors of the correctness of the paper.